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Distillation columns separate mixtures through repeated contact between vapor and liquid. Column internals create and distribute that contact, with the separation duty and operating conditions determining the process and mechanical arrangement.
Refining, petrochemical and gas-processing units use distillation for specified product separations. Revamps may replace internals while retaining part of the existing vessel.
Trays and structured or random packing provide contacting surfaces inside separation columns. Liquid distributors spread liquid across the intended area so the selected internals can perform their defined mass-transfer function.
Distillation, absorption and stripping duties use different internals. Process loads and fouling behavior influence the suitable arrangement and maintenance requirements.
Demisters and mist eliminators remove entrained liquid droplets from a gas stream through a selected internal structure. Performance depends on droplet characteristics, gas loading and the operating conditions of the separation system.
Separators, columns and process ducts use these components to reduce liquid carryover. Available installation space and downstream requirements influence the equipment duty.
Reactor internals distribute streams, retain material or support catalyst within the approved reactor arrangement. Mechanical loads, temperature and process chemistry determine the required geometry and materials.
Refinery and petrochemical reaction units use baskets, grids and distribution assemblies. Replacement parts often need exact compatibility with an existing vessel.
Cyclonic separators use fluid motion to separate specified phases or particles. Process separation internals include assemblies installed within vessels or packages to perform defined separation duties.
Gas, liquid and solids-handling systems use different cyclone or hydrocyclone arrangements. Feed composition and particle or droplet characteristics affect suitability.